Contingency management is a therapeutic treatment option for drug and alcohol addiction that, according to theNational Institute on Drug Abuse, “uses positive reinforcement to encourage abstinence from drugs.” Also called motivational incentives, contingency management is a popular treatment option, especially for the treatment of addiction to certain substances of abuse.
Restructuring Reward Pathways
如下所示NIDA，应急管理通常用于治疗酒精，兴奋剂，阿片类药物，大麻和尼古丁成瘾和滥用。这种治疗可能非常有效，因为它有助于重组大脑中的奖励途径，这通常会通过一致的药物滥用改变。随着时间的推移，一个人的大脑开始期待药物，需要它，为了让个人感觉良好，而这种变化可能很难解决。幸运的是，在这种情况下，应急管理有助于帮助。
Contingency management works by creating a relationship between the counselor and the patient in which the patient is given reinforcements as a reward for their abstinence from substance abuse. According to theNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism“在酗酒治疗中的应急管理早期研究中，米勒（1975）发现，通过向负面呼吸醇测试的公共醉酒提供有形的增强剂，研究人员可以有效减少公共醉酒。”
治疗还有助于减少其他物质的滥用，一旦患者和辅导员能够找到有益的常规，其中患者正在提供利益的增强，可以对大脑的奖励途径进行真正的变化，当患者学会除了这些危险物质之外，允许严重恢复。
Offering the Right Reinforcement
The patient must be able to receive the type of reinforcement that will help them refuse substance abuse and stay sober. If the patient has a true desire for the reinforcement being offered, it will be easier for them to fight the temporary reward they would receive in abusing substances for the more beneficial reward of their reinforcement.
There are two different types of rewards given in contingency management treatment: voucher-based and prize incentives. In voucher-based reinforcement, “the patient receives a voucher for every drug-free urine sample provided” (NIDA 2). These vouchers have monetary value and can be good for an exchange of services. Some allow patients to get food, clothing, and other necessary items while others can allow the patient to do fun or desirable things like go to the movies, etc. These vouchers must always provide a good or service consistent witha drug-free lifestyle. In the unfortunate event of a positive drug test, the next voucher the patient receives will return to the lowest possible level.
奖励激励版本类似于基于凭证的系统，而是患者能够赢得现金。提供干净的药物测试的人被提交给一个赢得货币奖品的绘图，通常在1美元到100美元之间。参加会议and participating in other treatment activities also earns patients more slips in the drawing. This can be very beneficial as well and can be helpful to those patients who are in especially difficult situations financially.