医学审查：06/11/2018
最近更新时间：04/17/2020
作者：上瘾.com Medical Review
阅读时间：5.minutes
什么是边界人格障碍？
Borderline personality disorder is a serious mental disorder marked by a pattern of ongoing instability surrounding moods, behavior, self-image, and functioning. Those who suffer from BPD tend to be emotionally unstable, highly impulsive, and harbor intense fears of abandonment. Estimated to affect between 1.6% and 5.9% of the general population, BPD can be safely and effectively treated using long-term psychotherapy.
目录
桶在女性比男性更常见,罗依ughly 75% of those diagnosed being female. The impairment and risk of suicide with this mental disorder is more prevalent among those in early adulthood, and become less frequent among older age groups. Having BPD is also linked to an increased risk for substance use disorders, depressive and bipolar disorders,饮食障碍, PTSD, and ADHD. Those who suffer from both BPD and substance use disorders can safely overcome this dual diagnosis at an addiction treatment center that offers drug detox, addiction therapy, and psychotherapy.
边缘人格障碍的迹象和症状是什么？
那些患有BPD的人往往对他们的环境非常敏感，并且在突然或意外的变化发生时会遇到极端的激动或恐惧。例如，当他们关心的人迟到约会时，有BPD的人可能会遇到激烈，无人恐慌或愤怒。
Fear of abandonment can cause those with BPD to act impulsively and inappropriately when faced with the threat of being separated from someone important to them. Some may go so far to attempt suicide or perform self-mutilation to keep these important individuals near.
People with BPD tend to have a pattern of intense, unstable relationships and may idealize potential lovers and caregivers very early on in the relationship. They may demand to spend lots of time with these individuals, and divulge highly personal and intimate information too soon. However, people with BPD can quickly devalue those they once idealized if they feel these individuals are not available or giving enough in the relationship.
以下是BPD的其他迹象和症状：
- 被遗弃或遗弃的强烈恐惧
- Unstable interpersonal relationships
- 身份干扰，或具有持续不稳定的自我形象和自我意识
- “Splitting” – thinking in a black and white way
- 极端敏感性拒绝
- 无法忍受独处
- Chronic feelings of emptiness or boredom
- 关于职业，性身份，价值观和朋友类型的意见和计划的突然变化。
- Displays of intense, inappropriate anger, or difficulty with controlling anger
- 激烈，不稳定的情绪波动
- Impulsive behavior in at least two areas that can cause self-damage, such as drug abuse and binge eating
- 与压力有关的偏执思
- 严重的解剖症状，一个人感觉自己切断，或者喜欢与现实失去联系
- 重复的自杀行为，如手腕切割或故意药物过量
如果您或亲人在展示BPD的任何迹象和症状，现在可以防止这种精神障碍变得更糟糕，并向其他疾病打开门，包括吸毒成瘾。患有吸毒成瘾和BPD的人可以体验一系列恶化的身体，心理和情绪健康问题，以及过量，自杀和死亡的风险。
How Does Borderline Personality Disorder Interact with Addiction?
Many symptoms of BPD can lead to substance use disorders, which is why these two disorders commonly coexist as共同发生的疾病. For instance, unstable mood swings can influence people with BPD to abuse alcohol and drugs to mask and cope with symptoms like anxiety and depression, while impulsive behavior can lead to the use of dangerous, deadly drugs like heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine.
Since BPD and drug addiction share many of the same symptoms, using substances of any kind can complicate the true diagnosis for BPD. A missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis can lead to worsened overall health when certain symptoms go untreated or are treated inconclusively or incorrectly. BPD and drug addiction also share a number of the same risk factors and can worsen one another when one or both conditions are left untreated.
BPD和成瘾如何治疗？
长期心理治疗是BPD的理想治疗，其可能包括认知行为治疗，辩证行为治疗或偏心治疗，其中许多其他人。使用心理治疗没有设定时间长度使用心理治疗，因为治疗长度在很大程度上在很大程度上取决于个体，以及它们是否也患有吸毒成瘾等其他共同发生的疾病。BPD的治疗可以在严重情况下从几周到几个月或更长时间的任何地方服用。
BPD和物质使用障碍
那些患有BPD和吸毒成瘾的人可以overcome both disorders在瘾治疗中心，提供排毒和心理治疗。药物排毒可能在心理治疗前或同时发生，这取决于所使用的滥用药物和排毒方法。例如，使用医学辅助排毒的人克服海洛因成瘾可能在开始治疗之前从海洛因依赖的一年和两周恢复之间，因为海洛因戒断症状与流感症状类似，并且可以对患者进行衰弱。
Drug Detox
People with BPD who need drug detox are often urged to recover under direct medical supervision as part of an inpatient detox program. Some with BPD may react unpredictably during detox, and require medical supervision for their safety and to reduce the risk for potential complications such as suicide. An inpatient drug detox offers 24/7 medical supervision and access to trained therapists and counselors who can support BPD patients throughout recovery.
心理治疗
Individual andgroup therapies对BPD和吸毒成瘾的治疗方案都是备受尊重的治疗选择。这些疗法帮助患者确定并避免触发他们的条件，因此他们可以在不复活的情况下以最健康的方式驾驭社会。认知和行为疗法也通常用于治疗BPD和吸毒成瘾，因为这些疗法有助于患者识别和改进驾驶每个病症的负面思维过程和行为。
Medications
药物可作为双诊断治疗的一部分，以治疗BPD的某些症状和物质使用障碍。例如，那些患有的人BPD驱动的焦虑可能是规定的苯并二氮卓，帮助他们放松。从某些药物使用疾病中恢复的人可以使用甲基或丁丙诺啡等药物来减少和管理药物渴望和戒断症状。与您的医生讨论您的药物选择，可能有助于提高BPD和吸毒成瘾的恢复。