医学审查：12/17/2018
上次更新时间：05/13/2019
作者：Addictions.com Medical Review
阅读时间：4分钟
可卡因可以在使用后12小时到4天的任何地方被检测到。可卡因在体内停留的时间长短取决于使用的剂量、给药途径和使用频率。
The liver metabolizes cocaine into a metabolite called benzoylecgonine, which is then excreted in urine. This metabolite is what’s detected in drug testing for cocaine long after the drug itself may no longer be present in the body.
Cocaine Metabolism
Cocaine is a fat-soluble substance, which accounts for its high absorption rate in almost every area of the body. Once ingested, cocaine easily crosses cell membrane surfaces and gains access to:
- The brain
- 肺部的小气道
- The alveoli of the lung
- The bloodstream
Consequently, cocaine can accumulate within the central nervous system as well as within the body’s adipose or fat tissues. In effect, the body’s ability to metabolize and store coke has a considerable influence on how long this drug stays in the system.
Factors Affecting How Long Cocaine Stays in Your System
Cocaine是一种在街头生产和销售的非法药物，这意味着其质量和纯度可能因批次而异。每批可卡因都是独一无二的，可能比其他可卡因纯度更高或更低。这些差异也会影响可卡因在体内停留的时间。
People who have used cocaine regularly for months or years may store cocaine residues in their bodies long after stopping drug use, which means metabolites are kept in the system for longer.
其他需要考虑的因素包括：
- 你的整体健康状况
- Your age
- Your body’s metabolism rate
- Your tolerance levels
给药途径
Its various routes of administration affect how quickly cocaine reaches the brain, as well as how quickly the body absorbs the drug.
Cocaine can be:
- Snorted
- Smoked
- Injected
- 摄入
吸食可卡因一般是为了古柯叶而不是粉末，通常只有当毒品可以与碱性物质如酸橙结合时才会发生。或者，可卡因粉末会被胃里的酸性物质钝化。
一种不太流行的可卡因使用方法是“堵塞”，即用可卡因制成栓剂，然后插入肛门或阴道。堵塞可以减缓可卡因的吸收，但效果持续时间更长。
When ingested through the mouth, cocaine reaches the bloodstream after 30 minutes and hits peak concentration within 50 to 90 minutes. However, only about one-third of cocaine ingested is effective.
当吸食时，可卡因最快可在3分钟内到达血液，并在15分钟内达到峰值浓度。吸食30%到60%的可卡因是有效的，尽管这种方法比其他方法达到峰值浓度要快得多。
当注射到血液中时，一个人会在一分钟内感受到药物的作用，并在5到10分钟内达到峰值浓度。使用的给药途径也会影响焦炭在系统中停留的时间。
Peak concentrations of coke in the system:
- 摄入：50-90 minutes
- 鼾声：15分钟
- 注入：5-10 minutes
- Inhaled: Less than 60 seconds
Half-Life of Cocaine
Cocaine’s lipid-like material allows for a quick half-life that averages around 60 minutes. This time frame can increase considerably in cases of chronic cocaine use due to the way metabolites produced by the drug tend to accumulate throughout the body.
As with most drugs, the liver metabolizes or breaks down cocaine into metabolites. Once in metabolite form, cocaine can easily lodge inside fat tissue and membrane linings throughout the body. But cocaine metabolites are typically stored in fat cells only with prolonged use or by using higher doses.
你如何测试可卡因代谢物在你体内停留的时间？
- Urine
- Hair
- Fingernails
- Blood
唾液和汗液也可以用来测试你体内的可乐含量。利用唾液和汗液进行的药检与执法部门进行的路边药检越来越普遍。
尿检
Urine tests, also known as urinalysis, look for benzoylecgonine — the primary metabolite cocaine is broken down into. A urine test can detect low concentrations of benzoylecgonine during the first few hours after using cocaine.
For people who use the drug on a sporadic basis, benzoylecgonine can remain in the urine for up to 5 days following infrequent use, up to 7 days with high doses, and for up to 14 days with chronic use. If a cocaine user has also been drinking alcohol, the amount of time it takes for cocaine to clear the system can double.
In the case of injection use, urine testing can detect metabolites for up to 1.5 five days. However, metabolites can show up for as long as one week after snorting or smoking cocaine.
Hair and Fingernails
On average, the body metabolizes and excretes cocaine metabolites within 4 hours. As coke moves through the bloodstream, tiny particles get left behind in the hair and fingernails. These metabolites will remain in hair and fingernails until they’re cut away, which means someone with long hair will likely carry cocaine residues around in their systems for a very long time.
Hair drug testing remains somewhat controversial, as it is unclear whether cosmetic hair treatments and other factors impact results.
我怎样才能从体内清除可卡因？
如果你想把可卡因从你的系统中永久的清除，一个professional detox treatment program建议使用。在这里，你将有医疗监督，以减轻戒断症状，并将能够过渡到长期治疗方案。