Last updated:10/8/2018
Author:addictions.com医学评论
Reading Time:3minutes
Heroin, processed from morphine, extracted from the opium poppy plant, is classified as a Schedule I narcotic drug. As a Schedule I narcotic, heroin has no medicinal purpose mainly because of its highly addictive properties, according to the University of Maryland.
As heroin is an illegal drug, it can only be purchased off the streets, which makes it even more so dangerous. Street batches of heroin can contain any number of byproducts, many of which cause serious damage to the user.
Someone who lives long enough to experience the long term海洛因的影响must endure ongoing withdrawal effects, diminished brain function and damaging effects on the body.
Dopamine Production
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大脑中的化学品，称为神经递质，基本上调节身体中的每个功能。特别是一对神经递质 - 多巴胺 - 在当天任何特定的时刻让人感到舒适地发挥着核心作用。通过与大脑的其他地区合作，多巴胺有助于调节身体的运动，心功能，血液流动，新陈代谢过程和能量储备。多巴胺也是由长期海洛因使用影响最大的神经递质。
The long term海洛因的影响actually change the brain’s chemical processes as well as its overall physical composition. As heroin closely resembles brain neurotransmitters in chemical structure, the more a person uses the less dopamine the brain manufacturers on its own. Over time, the brain becomes unable to manufacture needed dopamine supplies at all, which accounts for the ongoing withdrawal effects a person feels, even after getting high.
瘾
当一个人沉迷于海洛因，明确的化学和分子变化已经发生在大脑中。随着每次连续使用，大脑和身体都会为留下更大且较大剂量的药物来发展耐药性，以便获得高。根据国家药物滥用研究所，海洛因使用的长期影响使其成为所有但不可能体验所需的“高”效果，因为该体已经达到了这种高耐受性。
As the body becomes physically dependent, the long term effects of heroin on the mind are just as damaging. Addicts come to a point where they actually believe they need heroin in order to feel normal. Granted, as far as the physical body goes, it does need heroin to feel normal or at least to relieve withdrawal symptoms. Once the mind comes to believe this, addiction has firmly taken hold of the individual.
Effects on the Body
根据这一点National Institute on Drug Abuse, the long term effects of heroin gradually weaken the brain and body to the point where chronic conditions can develop. According to the University of Arizona, long term effects of heroin on the brain appear as diminished intellectual functioning in terms of memory, verbal functioning and decision-making.
Long term effects of heroin on the body can become particular damaging for IV users. Additives and byproducts mixed in with heroin can accumulate along artery walls. When this happens, the risk of heart attack increases considerably. Byproduct ingredients can also introduce bacterial and viral organisms into the body and cause infection. Infections of the liver, the heart and the lungs can all develop over time.