大麻成瘾

医学审查：02/10/2018
最近更新时间：03/26/2020
作者：addictions.com医学评论

阅读时间：7分钟

什么是大麻成瘾？

Marijuana is typically smoked to produce a relaxed and euphoric effect, but some choose to eat the substance for a milder, more extended high. Whichever way you take it, repeated use increases the risk of feeling like you need to use marijuana daily, eventually causing you to be unable to stop using it on your own.

许多人认为大麻用来相对无害，因为他们认为它没有上瘾，因为当用于医学规定的目的时，药物可能是有益的。然而，研究表明，慢性使用大麻可能是危险的，导致依赖性，耐受性和成瘾。长期大麻使用可能导致身体和心理依赖的不利影响，使得难以停止使用，甚至在其用户中产生戒断症状。

大麻成瘾的风险是什么？

大麻滥用的这些长期症状将需要专业的治疗和大量的时间和耐心克服：

Mental Effects of Marijuana use include:

• An anxiety that does not go away or gets worse as a result of smoking pot
• 抑郁症或抑郁状态
• 社会不容忍或缺乏社会愿望
• 偏执狂或者让每个人都出去给你
• Acute psychotic reactions

大麻对心灵的影响：

• 心率提高20-100％
• 增加心脏病的风险
• 增加心血管漏洞的风险

大麻对肺部的影响：

• Carcinogenic toxins create lung cancer
• 增加暴露于疾病
• Increased risk of pneumonia
• Increased risk of cold

Effects of Marijuana on Life:

• Lack of motivation
• 物理障碍
• 精神障碍
• Reduced cognitive abilities
• 社会生活差

大麻成瘾的症状是什么？

Extensive research has shown that smoking marijuana can lead to some physical and psychological consequences such as:

• Changes in appetite
• Mood swings
• 红眼睛
• 睡眠障碍
• Increased heart rate
• 难以集中光
• 记忆问题
• 口干
• 咳嗽咳嗽
• 沮丧

偏执狂也是大麻使用的常见症状，虽然患有大麻成瘾的个人的朋友和家人更有可能会注意到这一效果而不是用户。只有在他们处于恢复之后，大多数人才意识到大麻诱发的偏执的程度对其生命产生了负面影响。

Most of these symptoms will wear off as the drug itself wears off, but for some, the psychological effects of marijuana can last many months or even years after the individual stops smoking pot. Insomnia can persist for many months, often pushing individuals to relapse and to return to marijuana. Anxiety and depression are also common outcomes of marijuana abuse that can persist for months, often leading to relapse. Professional treatment is needed to provide counseling, behavioral coaching, and prescribed medications that can relieve these symptoms and the individual’s desire to self-medicate.

已经证明大麻长期使用具有上瘾的潜力。在大多数情况下，首次用户不会成为上瘾，偶尔偶尔的用户娱乐娱乐可能不会沉迷于药物。然而，每日，长期使用大麻会导致成瘾和许多其他有害影响。当大麻使用在18岁之前，当药物可能对个人的仍在发展大脑产生深远的影响时，开发成瘾的可能性增加。

在大麻使用长期阶段后不再使用大麻可以导致以下戒断症状：

• 易怒
• 失眠
• 没胃口
• Anxiety
• 沮丧
• 搅动
• 渴望
• Mood swings

大麻成瘾的迹象是什么？

Cannabis dependence is much more common than dependence on other drugs due to the sheer number of people who use marijuana. The first step to overcoming marijuana addiction is to recognize that you have a problem and need help. Recognizing the大麻成瘾的迹象可以帮助您确定问题的严重程度。

Marijuana abuse signs include:

• 对大麻的宽容。如果你意识到你必须吸烟更多的锅以产生相同的效果，那么你就沉迷于药物。
• 戒烟时退出。如果你没有胃，焦虑或抑郁症的戒烟迹象，当你不抽烟大麻时，那么你的身体已经对药物进行了物理依赖。
• Smoking more pot than you intended.如果你告诉自己或他人只抽出一个关节，然后你会比你打算更多地吸烟，你上瘾了。
• Inability to control or cut down marijuana use.If you’ve tried to cut back on your smoking or tried to use less marijuana but still find that you wind up smoking more or using more than you anticipated, you are suffering from a potential sign of addiction.
• 花费大部分时间都要高。If marijuana has taken over your life to the point that you spend most of your time getting high or thinking about getting high, you are suffering from addiction.
• 减少活动，因为时间占据了锅。如果你不再参加你曾经享受的活动，因为你忙着吸烟锅，这是成瘾的标志。
• 尽管有众所周知的后果，但烟壶。如果您已经遭受了法律，社会，财务或其他后果，因此仍然是大麻使用，而且您仍然吸烟锅，这是成瘾的迹象。
• 使用锅来缓解压力并变得依赖于它放松。If you smoke marijuana to cope with stress and you’ve become dependent on the drug to relax, that is a problem.

如果你爱的人滥用大麻，该怎么办？

If someone you love is abusing marijuana, they may be in denial about the drug’s potency, or their addiction. Through open communication, you may be able to help them realize they need to quit using. Here are some reasons to quit marijuana:

• Physical reasons to stop smoking pot –感觉更好，降低肺癌的风险，更有活力
• 戒烟锅的心理学原因 -为了减少焦虑，回到没有锅的没有盆，减少抑郁症
• 阻止吸烟的关系相关原因 -为了摆脱吸烟太多锅的关系，找到新朋友，并从大麻引起你和你所爱的人的战斗或痛苦中治愈
• Financial reasons to stop smoking pot –释放在大麻花费的钱，所以你有更多的钱花，投入储蓄，或用来支付账单
• Legal reasons to stop smoking pot –to stay out of trouble with the law

每个人都有不同的他们治疗的结果根据他们的个人需求和偏好，恢复努力与一个患者不同。大麻成瘾，虽然没有像其他其他成瘾那样致命或恐怖，但仍然挑战，克服，花时间，努力和耐心。从大麻成瘾中恢复的道路很可能有许多起伏。许多尝试戒烟第一次戒烟的人将失败，可能必须再次尝试，可能几次，在找到适用于它们的恢复方法和治疗程序之前。

Which Treatment Options are Available for Marijuana Addiction?

克服大麻可能是一个艰难的旅程，因为你已经在一个车辙，你可能会焦虑和沮丧，你可能已经将你的社交圈改变为围绕着吸烟锅的人，并且你可能因你而遭受各种其他问题罐滥用，需要解决。幸运的是，在克服大麻成瘾并收回你的生活中，有很多选择有助于帮助：

• 住院康复–inpatient rehab will be required for those with a particularly serious addiction to marijuana, and/or any co-occurring mental illnesses or addictions to other substances. Individuals with an unstable home environment, or who currently live with other drug users should also seek inpatient rehab.
• Outpatient Rehab–Marijuana addiction can often be treated on an outpatient basis, which usually includes daily, weekly or semi-weekly counseling. Outpatient also includes therapy sessions to assist the individual in learning how to recognize and avoid the situations that cause them to smoke pot, and to treat any underlying mental or emotional issues that contribute to marijuana use.
• 行为治疗 -许多吸烟锅的人这样做是因为他们很无聊，或者他们需要一个心情提升。行为治疗可以通过指导他们制定额外的爱好，兴趣和目标来教导这些人如何克服他们的成瘾，这将使他们更幸福，更高效，更有可能感受到烟壶的需要
• Cognitive therapy–this method of treatment will help the addict to think in a different way that does not encourage them to smoke pot
• Community reinforcement–许多吸烟锅的人，由于大脑中的化学变化，没有药物感觉良好或快乐。社区强化方案可以通过向个人提供恢复目标的奖励来提供帮助，这些目标遇到每月不吸烟或其他目标并通过
• 支持小组 -这种成瘾的支持小组包括大麻匿名，这遵循十二步恢复模型，概述了一系列步骤，以将上瘾者从全面成瘾到清醒。

Recovery from marijuana addiction is not something that you should try to tackle all on your own. In addition to seeking professional treatment, it is a good idea to have a support network of people who can help you through hard times and celebrate your successes with you. This support network can be made up of family and friends, fellow patients you meet in treatment, people you interact with at 12-step meetings, and even online support groups and forums.