美沙酮Addiction

医学审查：03/06/2018
最近更新时间：04/1/2020
作者：上瘾.com Medical Review

阅读时间：4.minutes

什么是美沙酮成瘾？

美沙酮is an opioid medication often used to treat opioid addiction. Unfortunately, many people misuse the drug itself, which can still cause a euphoric high and other dangerous side effects.

Although originally developed as a painkiller and is sometimes still used to treat chronic pain, its principal use today is for treating opioid dependence and addiction. Methadone is generally not the first choice for people who abuse drugs since it doesn’t offer the same feeling of euphoria, like heroin, oxycodone, and other opioids. However, methadone is habit-forming and can lead to problems with dependence and addiction when misused.

美沙酮是美国最常见的阿片类药物之一，主要用于帮助人们克服对海洛因和吗啡的身体依赖。虽然美沙酮不会像其他阿片类药物一样产生兴奋，但该附表II药物承载其自身的滥用和依赖性，并且在突然停止时会导致戒断症状。

该药物仅被药物排毒和成瘾治疗中心分配，这些食物被单独许可使用该药物用于治疗阿片类药物成瘾。但有时候，美沙酮被重新排除在黑市上，或者使用模拟物和成分在实验室中重现，以模仿美沙酮的影响。那些最终成为沉迷于美沙酮的人可以安全地克服他们在成瘾治疗中心的药物排毒和治疗中充分克服成瘾。

What are the Risks of Methadone Addiction?

从1999年到2014年，美沙酮过量死亡的率超过600％。近年来，这一趋势持续，因为2016年海葵过量索赔了超过3,314岁。滥用时，美沙酮与癫痫发作有关，以及其他严重的健康问题，包括精神疾病，记忆丧失和性功能障碍。

每年，由于美沙酮滥用，成千上万的美国人被送到急诊部门。美沙酮在滥用时会导致严重影响，包括呼吸抑制和致命过量。然而，尽管知道他们可能面临这些后果，那些与美沙酮成瘾斗争的人可能无法停止使用这种药物。没有适当的治疗，某人可以完全安全地克服美沙酮成瘾可能很困难。

美沙酮成瘾的症状是什么？

The symptoms of methadone use are similar to those caused by other opioid drugs. Drowsiness is common as well as confusion and other issues can ensue, such as:

• Restlessness
• Vomiting
• Nausea
• Itching
• 瞳孔收缩
• 浅呼吸
• 严重出汗
• 便秘
• 性功能障碍

What are the Signs of Methadone Addiction?

美沙酮can lead to physical dependence and addiction when used in ways other than directed. Many individuals start taking the drug to treat withdrawal symptoms and become stabilized during recovery, but if an individual does abuse the drug, it is hazardous. It is easy to become addicted to methadone, especially because the drug is highly available and, while regulated, can be found easily for illicit use.

• 呼吸慢速减慢
• 收缩学生
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• 过度出汗
• 便秘
• 耐受性，或使用较高量的美沙酮来实现效果
• 依赖
• 当美沙酮突然停止时戒断症状
• 社交隔离
• Lying and secretive behavior
• 经济损失
• A decline in performance at work or school
• 法律问题
• Devoting more time to obtaining and using methadone
• 花更多的时间从美沙酮的影响中恢复
• Skipping scheduled methadone doses to save and stockpile the drug
• Inability to stop using methadone despite past attempts to quit
• 尽管知道，未能停止使用美沙酮可能存在负面后果

如果你爱的人滥用美沙酮，该怎么办

以下是一些您喜欢的人滥用美沙酮的一些步骤：

• 告诉你所爱的人关心他们，并支持他们的清醒
• 舞台与医生进行干预，所以你所爱的人了解获得美沙酮成瘾的重要性
• Familiarize yourself with steps to take in the event of methadone overdose
• 设定边界，并停止使您所爱的人对美沙酮的成瘾
• Look for an addiction treatment center that offers methadone detox and therapy

哪种治疗方案可用于美沙酮成瘾？

通常使用锥度的时间表治疗美沙酮依赖，以帮助患者避免戒断症状并降低复发风险。有些患者可能会留在美沙酮维持治疗方面，以避免复发，尽管大多数治疗中心将继续逐渐变细，直到患者不再使用药物。美沙酮逐渐变化的时间表可以在几周和几个月之间持续，这取决于患者的容忍度。

因为很多虐待美沙酮的基于“增大化现实”技术e people who started taking the drug as a treatment for opioid addiction, it is essential to take this into account when continuing recovery. Patients might need to be placed in aninpatient programif they were in outpatient care while they were abusing the drug. This can help them avoid the issue of temptation while trying to overcome their addiction.

Also,行为疗法can be used to help attack the source of one’s addiction, allowing them to understand why they began abusing opioids in the first place, how this abuse has affected their lives, and how they can avoid further relapse by recognizing triggers and learning to cope with stress and cravings.

美沙酮addiction treatment must also cover any共同问题associated with the addiction, including chronic pain or mood disorders. Most rehab programs can treat these simultaneously with addiction or if not, can refer patients to a place where these issues can be treated.

美沙酮有助于治疗阿片类药物成瘾，但当滥用时，美沙酮导致其危险的效果。因此，如果您的美沙酮使用超出了您的控制，就必须寻求帮助。