Medically reviewed:06/27/2018
Last updated:04/17/2020
Author:addictions.com医学评论
Reading Time:3minutes
What Is Schizophrenia?
精神分裂症是一种罕见，慢性和严重的精神障碍，影响人们如何对禁用程度感觉和表现出来。患者经历了理解现实以及认知症状的困难，这些症状严重冲击日常运作。疾病的症状通常表现在16和30岁之间。
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Individuals with schizophrenia may cycle through active phases wherein they seem to lose touch with reality and residual periods featuring only negative symptoms such as depression and difficulty showing emotions. During these residual periods, cognitive symptoms such as inattention or difficulty processing information may also persist, leading to continual difficulties in relationships and inadequate self-care.
What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Schizophrenia?
To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, an individual must have experienced at least two symptoms of the illness (such as delusions or hallucinations) for at least a month, and suffer impairments in their relationships, professional life, or self-care as a result. Major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder must also be ruled out, along with the possibility that symptoms are caused by the use of addictive substances or another medical condition.
- 精神病症状
- 幻觉
- 妄想
- Paranoia
- Disorganized thoughts and speech
- Strange movements
- 不恰当的影响，例如没有刺激的笑声
- 消极症状
- Difficulty showing emotion
- Difficulty functioning normally
- 沮丧
- Isolation or withdrawing oneself
- Hostility and aggression
- Social difficulties
- Anxiety and phobias
- Depersonalization
- 认知症状
- Trouble using information
- Difficulty making decisions
- Difficulty paying attention
- Memory problems
- Sleeping problems
How Does Schizophrenia Interact with Addiction?
Unfortunately, people with schizophrenia will often turn to substance abuse as a method of coping with their symptoms, much like individuals suffering from other mental illnesses will do. Approximately half of the people diagnosed with schizophrenia abuse drugs or alcohol and people with schizophrenia are 3 times more likely to smoke than the general population.
Some types of drug abuse can also increase a person’s chances of developing schizophrenia. While substance abuse alone does not cause the disorder to manifest, it can be one of the reasons why someone who is already susceptible to schizophrenia eventually succumbs to it. Psychoactive drugs like333manbetx ,可卡因,hallucinogensetc. can trigger symptoms of the disorder in those who are already likely to experience it. Research has uncovered an especially strong link between cannabis use in adolescence and the development of schizophrenia.
In other cases, substance abuse can create symptoms that are extremely similar to those of schizophrenia. For example, the abuse of stimulants like amphetamines, crystal meth, and cocaine may cause a full-blown psychosis that, over time, will subside if the person stops abusing drugs. However, some individuals may suffer permanent drug-induced psychosis or may also experience a recurrence of the symptoms years later and without warning.
精神分裂症和成瘾治疗如何？
People who suffer from both drug abuse and schizophrenia often requirelong-term treatment in a rehab facility提供24小时护理。此外，这两个疾病都是同时治疗的，因为如果一个人未经处理，则非常可能破坏对其他病症的进展。精神分裂症还需要专业治疗专业人员，并在这种疾病中进行培训和经验，这意味着并非所有物质使用障碍治疗设施都能够为该双重诊断提供个体。
Medications, such as antipsychotics, are often a large part of treatment for schizophrenia, along with traditional psychotherapy. Sometimes individuals experiencing severe psychotic symptoms at the beginning of addiction treatment will take these medications as well, albeit on a temporary basis. Often individuals will need to completely detox from substances before an accurate diagnosis of schizophrenia can be made.
认知行为治疗（CBT）也非常有助于在两个障碍中恢复。CBT可以教会患者比药物滥用更好地应对机制，并了解为什么他们首先开始滥用药物。学习理解和在健康的光线中观察一个人的障碍对恢复也至关重要。精神分裂症患者需要接受他们的疾病及其物质使用障碍，学习新的方式应对精神分裂症症状，并努力设定目标，以提高自我保健和整体运作。