荒野治疗

医学审查：07/11/2018
最近更新时间：04/13/2020
作者：Addictions.com Medical Review

阅读时间：5分钟

荒野疗法是一种替代治疗，用于在户外享受较大的物质滥用，这有助于患者通过将其暴露在本质上充满挑战的情况来克服瘾。荒野疗法往往是对儿童和青少年的侵害，但对于几乎任何人都需要帮助制定责任，自尊和重要的生活和人际交往能力，作为瘾予成瘾恢复的一部分。

什么是荒野治疗？

荒野疗法，也称为基于冒险的疗法，使患者在户外户外度过大部分恢复时间，表演了一系列任务和活动，旨在建立人物，信心和自尊。患者被置于一个不熟悉的户外环境中，并在建造和开始火灾等原始技能中进行，以便在次楼上旅行。荒野疗法中使用的过程旨在通过培养个人，社交和情感增长来解决围绕物质滥用的问题行为。

Wilderness therapy programs use many of the same evidenced and practiced methods as those used in traditional rehab settings, such as individual and group therapy,family therapy， 和cognitive behavioral therapy. These programs are often facilitated by licensed therapists and counselors who develop individualized treatment plans for each patient. Wilderness therapy features therapeutic assessment, intervention, and treatment of problem behaviors, and assessment of outcomes. Though wilderness therapy is available for anyone in recovery from addiction, this program is mainly used by younger individuals between the ages of 12 and 17.

荒野治疗有哪些好处？

Wilderness therapy is a unique mental health and substance abuse treatment that helps adolescents grow in healthy ways both physically and mentally. This therapy teaches individuals how to become more independent and self-aware, and how to work with and get along better with others.

荒野治疗的好处：

• Develop a greater sense of self, self-control, and self-identity
• Improve and nurture physical health to help boost mental health and prevent substance abuse
• 了解重要的生存技能，以帮助产生自我赋权的感受
• 开发新的，健康和生产关系和联系
• 开发更健康的思想流程和行为
• View previous environments and problems in a new light to promote healing after being removed from problematic environments
• Learn multiple personal and interpersonal skills, including coping and communication skills
• Gain heightened awareness and education surrounding drug and alcohol use
• Learn to avoid negative peer and cultural influences driving addiction and behavior problems
• Gain a better understanding of the consequences of certain actions
• Strengthen relationships with family members

The elements of wilderness therapy teach people more about personal and social responsibilities and offer a safe environment in which these valuable lessons can be applied. The activities involved with wilderness therapy help patients develop a better internal focus on control and a greater sense of self-worth. A major advantage to wilderness therapy is being able to go completely outside your former environment to a basic, primal place where you can get to know yourself better at your core. These healthy outdoor environments are usually far different from the places where substances are used and can facilitate full healing.

How Does Wilderness Therapy Work?

荒野治疗程序通常使用许多相同的疗法，作为传统的康复设置中使用的疗法，但为户外设置定制它们。例如，辅导员可以在整天烹饪时与患者一对一，一起徒步旅行，或执行各种其他活动。患者通常在这些休闲环境中报告比在结构化的专业临床环境中更容易发生。然而，群体疗法通常发生在所有患者在餐时或在篝火旁一起在晚餐后一起出现。

Before wilderness therapy begins, treatment professionals meet with and assess patients to create individualized treatment plans that determine which actions are needed to help them overcome substance abuse and co-occurring mental health disorders. A proper assessment helps ensure patients are placed with therapists and peers who can relate to similar issues. Parents of teens who receive wilderness therapy usually work directly with clinical supervisors to develop relapse prevention plans, so the necessary support is in place should a relapse occur.

Wilderness therapy is available in the form of expedition therapy and base camp programs. Expedition therapy typically lasts anywhere between three and eight weeks and requires patients to stay outdoors continuously on an expedition for the duration of treatment. Base camp programs are more structured and allow patients to leave on expeditions that last for a period of time and return to the base camp for follow-up activities. In addition to receiving therapy, patients take part in activities such as backpacking, white-water rafting, building shelters, starting fires, and navigating through the wilderness using a compass. Periods of alone time for introspection are an important part of many wilderness programs.

There are three main phases in wilderness therapy:

1. 清洁阶段：Patients are removed from their usual environments and made to face many challenges while responsibilities and physical activity levels are increased. This makes patients more vulnerable and receptive to therapy.
2. 个人和社会责任阶段：患者学会促进对食物和水等荒野的朋友，家庭，家庭舒适和必需品的更大欣赏，并花费时间反思。
3. Transition and aftercare phase:患者终于能够欣赏生活简单和原始的生活方式，并找到了与自然过程的平衡和和谐。

Treatment centers that offer wilderness therapy will provide you with all the information you need surrounding what type of clothing and equipment you should bring with you to therapy. Otherwise, there is no other specific preparation, and you’ll be provided with everything else you need at the treatment center.

谁应该得到荒野治疗？

Wilderness therapy is most ideal for children and teens with substance use disorders who may feel isolated and lack support from friends, parents, and guardians. Wilderness therapy can help youth build confidence and self-esteem — especially those who turn to substance abuse for lacking these same qualities. Kids who are prone to disagree with others and who lack motivations and goals may also benefit from wilderness therapy.

考虑为孩子选择旷野治疗的父母应该确认这些计划是由合格的治疗师和专业人士促进的，因为并非所有“户外经验”营地都是治疗性的，并旨在朝着物质滥用和心理健康。荒野治疗计划的成瘾计划也应在治疗期间与家庭保持联系，以使父母保持在循环中关于他们的孩子的康复。家庭参与是荒野疗法的一个重要方面，可以帮助孩子们，父母从远处加强彼此的关系和债券。

Where Can I Find Wilderness Therapy?

荒野疗法正成为传统物质滥用和精神健康治疗的更广泛接受的替代疗法。许多健康保险公司此时不涵盖荒野疗法;但是，许多这些计划正在努力获得认证，因此它们可以通过保险公司更广泛地获得。

为了获得认证，荒野治疗计划必须执行以下操作：

• 为每位患者制定个性化治疗计划
• Provide supervision by professional clinical staff members
• Provide regular medical check-ups by licensed medical staff
• 有适当的安全备份程序，适用于荒野相关的紧急情况
• 确保患者每天消耗一定的卡路里数以保持健康

Wilderness therapy programs can be accredited on both the state and federal levels. Contact your health insurance company directly to confirm that some or all costs of wilderness therapy are covered under your policy.