Alprazolam Use, Side Effects, and Risks

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Individuals experiencing debilitating anxiety may use medication to manage their symptoms. One popular medication, alprazolam, has received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat symptoms of anxiety and panic.¹

尽管有利于，研究人员已经注意到人们如何使用这种药物的危险趋势。随着与大流行相关的压力和焦虑，有些人可能会避免看到他们的医生，并转向物质的非法市场来治疗他们的焦虑。²

假冒药物的兴起对公共卫生构成了威胁。非法销售的阿尔普唑仑可能在制造过程中具有更高的效力或与其他物质进行加入。²

Alprazolam Use

Manufacturers developed this medication from a class of substances known as benzodiazepines. Currently, physicians prescribed alprazolam under the brand nameXanax。¹

这种药物可以减缓或阻止与焦虑相关的大脑的过程。¹These effects make alprazolam a sedative-hypnotic substance. Though these sedative effects result in drowsiness, research has shown a weaker effect in alprazolam than other1Manbetx 。

FDA批准的Alprazolam用途包括焦虑和恐慌障碍。³Dosages for treating these disorders will vary depending on the condition treated, age of the recipient and the medication prescribed.³处方Alprazolam可以有许多不同的形式，如：

• Tablets
• 延长释放平板电脑
• Tablets that disintegrate orally
• Liquid solution

尽管the FDA approved this medication for anxiety-based disorders, some research has shown alprazolam may have other benefits.³一些报告的非FDA批准的福利包括：

• 睡眠不足
• Depressed mood
• 经前综合征的症状

Some professionals have questioned the studies which promote off-label alprazolam use. Researchers noted the poor quality of the studies, potential bias in favor of alprazolam use, and concerns for the sources of funding that supported the studies.⁴

您可能已经考虑过娱乐alprozolam。许多人滥用这种药物的镇静剂，欣快和放松的效果。⁴使用这种药物超出其处方目的或从非法市场获取它会增加您体验与阿普拉唑仑使用相关的健康风险的可能性。

阿普唑仑副作用

While you may benefit from prescription use, you may also experience some alprazolam side effects.⁵Alprazolam使用的一些不需要的影响包括：^3,5.

• Dizziness
• Drowsiness
• 失眠
• 难以集中光
• Depressed mood
• 烦躁的情绪
• Headache
• Memory issues
• 汗沉
• Changes in vision
• Changes in speech
• 性欲的变化
• Changes in blood pressure
• Sleep loss
• 失去平衡
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Nausea
• 食欲或重量的变化
• Swelling in hands or feet

If you have a prescription, review documentation and talk to a medical professional to learn more about alprazolam warnings that may affect you. Your doctor may want to monitor your breathing and heart functioning when you begin taking this medication.³

Effects of Taking Alprazolam with Other Medications

Taking this medication alongside other medications can have risks.⁵可以与阿普拉唑胺相互作用的其他药物和物质包括：¹

• 葡萄柚或葡萄柚汁
• Anti-fungal medications, which can lead to severe effects
• Carbamazepine, which can reduce the effects of alprazolam
• Other medications such as fluoxetine which can amplify alprazolam’s effects

与医生谈论潜在的互动或副作用。一些互动可能是致命的。⁵

安全问题

阿普唑仑用途可导致其他严重的安全问题。与Alprazolam使用相关的嗜睡可能使您不安全地驾驶或运营重型机械。³Talk to your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following safety concerns while taking this medication:

• 自杀的念头
• 增加焦虑
• Mood swings
• Confusion
• Shortness of breath
• Extreme fatigue or tiredness
• Severe dizziness or imbalance
• Trouble speaking
• 改变你的menstrual cycle
• Problems with urination

Alprazolam Effects for Those with Other Conditions

If you have certain medical or personal conditions, you may have a higher risk of developing other health concerns while taking alprazolam. This medication may impact pregnant women by placing their unborn children at higher risk of experiencing adverse effects from alprazolam.⁵

如果您体验抑郁症，Alprazolam可能会使您的情绪恶化或增加躁狂症症状的风险。⁵If you have a history of severe breathing issues, this medication may worsen breathing problems resulting in death.⁵Manufacturer’s guidelines recommend you stop taking this medication if you develop certain health conditions such as these while using this medication.⁵Check with a medical professional or seek emergency support if signs of severe side effects occur.

如果您有物质使用障碍或积极使用其他物质的历史，您的发展状况的风险会增加。⁵使用alprazolam与其他物质，例如opioidsandalcohol,可以增加你的风险严重side effects, including过量和死亡。⁵

将呼吸抑郁症和过量服用作为紧急情况。如果这些药物在使用此药物时发生问题，请立即寻求医疗治疗。

Dependence, Withdrawal, and Overdose

If you have used alprazolam for an extended period, as prescribed or recreationally, your risk of dependence increases. Dependence on alprazolam or other benzodiazepine substances can create challenges when you attempt to stop using this medication.

Individuals with a higher sensitivity to benzodiazepines may have a higher risk of experiencing side effects or addiction.⁵The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, describes substance use disorders, including those associated with benzodiazepine or alprazolam use.

Signs that you may experience a substance use disorder include:⁶

• 使用此药物的时间超过您最初的意图
• 采用较大的剂量来获得高或具有特定效果
• Alprazolam在一致剂量下的影响削弱
• Cravings to use the medication
• Inability to cut back or quit using
• 尽管在家庭，工作，学校或其他生活领域，但尽管存在不利影响
• 放弃由于使用而提供重要活动
• Spending large amounts of time seeking the medication
• Using in dangerous situations, such as driving or operating heavy machines
• Using despite harmful physical or psychological effects

Symptoms that developed over 12 months may signal that you have developed a substance use disorder. Only a qualified professional can provide you with a diagnosis and offer the treatment that you need. Call800-926-9037Who Answers?与可以讨论物质使用恢复选择的治疗专家发言。

Alprazolam Withdrawal

如果您已经在延长的时间内使用了Alprazolam，娱乐或处方，您可能在试图退出此药物时遇到戒断症状。⁵Withdrawal symptomscan have a stressful mental and physical effect making it hard for you to quit, even if you want to.⁶

Withdrawal symptoms can lead to “rebound anxiety” that can lead to panic attacks or worse anxiety.⁴These symptoms may vary depending on how long the medication was taken, sensitivity to benzodiazepines, the amount of medication taken, and the symptoms present before starting the medication.⁶

Some symptoms of withdrawal include:^5,6

• Involuntary movements
• Sweating
• Tremors
• Stiffness
• Muscle pain
• Panic attacks
• Depressed mood
• 与现实的感知或连接的变化
• 分离症状
• Fatigue
• Headaches
• Stomach problems
• Weight loss
• 食欲不振
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Nausea
• Changes in blood pressure
• 热速率的变化
• Dizziness
• 对感官刺激的敏感性，尤其是响亮的声音
• 烦躁的情绪
• Memory problems
• 烦躁不安
• Sleep problems
• Nightmares

Severe, potentially fatal withdrawal symptoms include:^5,6

• 无意的奇怪运动
• A lack of movement
• Convulsions
• Delirium tremens
• 精神病的症状
• Hallucinations, sensing things that are not there
• Delusions, intense illogical or distorted thoughts or beliefs
• 躁狂的症状
• 缉获
• 愤怒
• 暴力
• 自杀的念头
• Homicidal thoughts

Withdrawal symptoms may start shortly after you stop using this medication, especially if you stop using it completely.⁵Withdrawal symptoms can last from several weeks to over a year at a time.⁵医生将尝试逐渐减少或逐渐减少剂量以管理潜在的戒断症状。⁵These symptoms, along with other psychiatric concerns, can further complicate treatment for withdrawal.

如果威胁危及生命的思想或行为，您的处方专业人员可能建议停止使用Alprazolam。⁵If you or someone you know experiences severe symptoms of withdrawal, seek medical attention immediately.

Alprazolam Overdose Symptoms

Overdose presents another potentially fatal consequence you may experience, especially when misusing alprazolam.⁵当你服用太多的Alprazolam时，可能会发生过量。酒精或其他物质如海洛因，可以减缓脑功能，并在用alprazolam服用时增加你过量的风险。⁵

Signs of overdose can include:⁵

• Confusion
• Excessive drowsiness
• Lowered coordination and reflexes
• 昏迷
• Death

If you experience an overdose, seek emergency medical attention immediately. Medical professionals will monitor your heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing for safety.⁵Prescribers may recommend using flumazenil, a type of blocker for benzodiazepines, which can reverse the effects of alprazolam.³

当您需要时获得帮助，可以防止过量给过量的持久后果和其他物质。

治疗阿普唑仑滥用，成瘾和过量

Whether you have experienced an overdose, emergency, dependence, or episode of misuse with alprazolam, treatment may benefit you.

与阿普拉唑仑使用相关的一些症状可能与心理健康障碍有关。⁶A qualified health professional can offer you a diagnosis, guidance, and access to services to get you the help you need.

Seek medical attention immediately if you have experienced any of the severe symptoms listed above. Once you have achieved a basic level of balance in your physical and mental state, you can discuss treatment options with your provider.

You might want to consider residential or inpatient treatment services for more severe symptoms of substance use disorders.⁷These levels of care can guide you safely through the process of withdrawal and early recovery. Individual, group, family, as well as medication-assisted therapies and treatments can help you manage your symptoms.⁷Get connected with a treatment specialist today by calling800-926-9037Who Answers?to discuss the best care options for you.

References

1. Hamidovic, A., PharmD. (2019).Alprazolam。在B. Narins（ED），The Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Health（第4次Ed。，Vol.1，PP。60-61）。大风。
2. U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2020, September 23).Alprazolam: MedlinePlus Drug Information。
3. Islam, F. A., Choudhry, Z. U., & Choudhry, Z. (2020, August 1).Revisiting Xanax amid the coronavirus crisis。Clinical Psychiatry News,48(8), 8.
4. George，T.T.，＆Tripp，J。（2020年8月14日）。Alprazolam。StatPearls.
5. Ait-Daoud, N., Hamby, A. S., Sharma, S., & Blevins, D. (2018).A Review of Alprazolam Use, Misuse, and Withdrawal。Journal of Addiction Medicine,12(1), 4.
6. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (Revised March 2021).Xanax (alprazolam): package insert。访问了2021年3月29日。
7. 美国精神病学会。（2013）。Substance-related and addictive disorders。In精神疾病诊断与统计手册(5th ed.).
8. Miller, W. R., Forcehimes, A. A., & Zweben, A. (2011). Treating addiction: A guide for professionals. The Guilford Press.